Some years later Artaxerxes sent Nehemiah (a Jewish noble in his personal service) to Jerusalem as governor with the task of rebuilding the city walls. He tore his garments in despair and confessed the sins of Israel before God, then braved the opposition of some of his own countrymen to purify the community by enforcing the dissolution of the sinful marriages. Ezra led a large body of exiles back to Jerusalem, where he discovered that Jewish men had been marrying non-Jewish women. 457 BCE) of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, the king sent him to Jerusalem to teach the laws of God to any who did not know them. Ezra was living in Babylon when in the seventh year (c. A few parts of the Book of Ezra (4:8 to 6:18 and 7:12-26) were written in Aramaic, and the majority in Hebrew, Ezra himself being skilled in both languages. Modern Hebrew Bibles call the two books Ezra and Nehemiah, as do other modern Bible translations. (Nehemiah 3:32, footnote) Later the Jews divided this scroll and called it First and Second Ezra. The books of Ezra-Nehemiah were originally one scroll. He was described as exhorting the Israelite people to be sure to follow the Torah Law so as not to intermarry with people of particular different religions, a set of commandments described in the Pentateuch.Įzra, known as "Ezra the scribe" in Chazalic literature, is a highly respected figure in Judaism. The Book of Ezra describes how he led a group of Judean exiles living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem (Ezra 8.2-14) where he is said to have enforced observance of the Torah. In the Greek Septuagint the name is rendered Ésdrās (Ἔσδρας), from which the Latin name Esdras comes. His name may be an abbreviation of עזריהו Azaryahu, "God-helps".
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One tradition says that he is buried in al-Uzayr near Basra (Iraq), while another tradition alleges that he is buried in Tadif near Aleppo, in northern Syria. Several traditions have developed over his place of burial. Rabbinic tradition holds that he was only a common priest. According to 1 Esdras, a Greek translation of the Book of Ezra still in use in Eastern Orthodoxy, he was also a High Priest. He returned from Babylonian exile and reintroduced the Torah in Jerusalem (Ezra 7-10 and Neh 8). According to the Hebrew Bible he was a descendant of Seraiah (Ezra 7:1) the last High Priest to serve in the First Temple (2 Kings 25:18), and a close relative of Joshua the first High Priest of the Second Temple (1 Chronicles 5:40-41 CJB and similar translations only see also Ezra 3:2). In Greco-Latin Ezra is called Esdras (Greek: Ἔσδρας). 480-440 BCE), also called Ezra the Scribe (עזרא הסופר, Ezra ha-Sofer) and Ezra the Priest in the Book of Ezra, was a Jewish scribe and a priest. The above notation is also used in a few cases such as John 8 where NA and WH agree and SBL does not include the text.Ezra (/ˈɛzrə/ Hebrew: עזרא, Ezra fl. ** Major variant * Minor or spelling variant Where both the NA and SBL agree on a variant word or spelling, it replaces the Nestle along with the following notation:
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TR and RP are included for major variants not contained in the critical texts. The Nestle text itself has been marked if not contained in either NA or SBL texts. Only the last version from left to right to contain a given variant is noted. Words not contained in the Nestle text have been included with the following notation: Paragraph formatting has been adapted from Westcott and Hort, 1881. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (Cambridge: University Press, 1894).īase text and orthography is the Nestle 1904 Greek New testament, courtesy of: site/nestle1904/.
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Pierpont, The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform, 2005. 2: Introduction Appendix (Cambridge: Macmillan, 1881). Stuttgart: (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993).īrooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort, The New Testament in the Original Greek, vol. Holmes, Greek New Testament: SBL Edition. (British and Foreign Bible Society, 1904). Morphology in partnership with Helps BibleĮberhard Nestle, Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Strong's Tagging via Open Scriptures, David Troidl and Christopher Kimball Westminster Leningrad Codex text courtesy of Hebrew Transliteration Via Lockman Foundation for use of the NASB Exhaustive Concordance (Strong's).ĭavid Troidl and Christopher Kimball for use of the WLC with Strong's Tagging. We are grateful to those who have made this project possible:Ĭharles Van der Pool for use of the Apostolic Bible Polyglot Interlinear.